流转税改革是否优化了国民收入分配格局？

本文在考察新一轮财税改革基础上,根据1995～2013年省际数据,运用面板向量自回归（PVAR）模型,考察“营改增”对我国国民收入分配格局的影响。研究结果表明,基于“营改增”视角的新一轮财税改革优化了国民收入分配格局,一方面,流转税改革提高了居民和企业部门在国民收入分配中的所得份额;另一方面,流转税改革降低了政府部门在国民收入分配中的所得份额。同时,重点考察了“营改增”对国民收入分配格局变动的贡献程度。最后,依据本文的计量分析结果,提出优化国民收入分配格局的政策建议。     

Determinants of tax haven utilization: evidence from Australian firms

This paper examines the major determinants of tax haven utilization based on a sample of 200 publicly listed Australian firms, over the 2006–2010 period (1,000 firm‐years). Our regression results show that variables relating to transfer pricing, intangible assets, an interaction term between transfer pricing and intangible assets, withholding taxes, performance‐based management remuneration and multinationality are positively associated with tax haven utilization. We also find that corporate governance structures are negatively associated with tax haven utilization. The magnitude and significance of the regression coefficients indicate that transfer pricing, withholding taxes, intangible assets, an interaction term between transfer pricing and intangible assets, corporate governance and multinationality are the most important drivers of tax haven utilization.     

Taxes and Financial Constraints: Evidence from Linguistic Cues

Using a new measure of financial constraints based on firms’ qualitative disclosures, we find that financially constrained firms—firms that use more negative words in their annual reports—pursue more aggressive tax planning strategies as evidenced by: (1) higher current and future unrecognized tax benefits, (2) lower short‐ and long‐run current and future effective tax rates, (3) increase in tax haven usage for their material operations, and (4) higher proposed audit adjustments from the Internal Revenue Service. We exploit the unexpected closures of local banks as exogenous liquidity shocks to show that firms’ external financial constraints affect their tax avoidance strategies. Overall, the linguistic cues in firms’ qualitative disclosures provide incremental information beyond traditional accounting variables or commonly used effective tax rates to reveal and predict tax aggressiveness, both contemporaneously and in the future.     

Don't Tax Me? Determinants of Individual Attitudes Toward Progressive Taxation

This contribution empirically analyzes the individual determinants of tax rate preferences. For that purpose, we use representative survey data from the German General Social Survey, which offers information on attitudes toward progressive, proportional and regressive taxation. On the basis of theoretical considerations, we explore the factors which, beyond an individual's financial interest, should drive preferences for progressive taxation. Our empirical results confirm that the narrow redistributive self‐interest does not offer the sole explanation of the heterogeneity in individual attitudes. Rather, we show that the choice of the favored tax rate is also driven by fairness considerations and beliefs on the role of effort for economic success.     

论微观经济基础下增值税转型的理想选择

本文从微观经济角度研究理想状态下企业对不同类型增值税的选择.研究表明,理想状态下,收入型与消费型增值税对企业利润的影响无差异且优于生产型增值税;而不同类型增值税对企业净现金流的影响优化排序是消费型、收入型、生产型,且生产型增值税的价外计税方法优于价内计税方法.总之,消费型增值税是企业的理想选择.     

中国外贸进出口对税收的影响：理论与实证

对外贸易对中国的税收有怎样的影响?回答这一问题，对制定贸易政策有重要的现实意义。本文对1-2-3模型进行修正，将总产出区分为4种具有不同税收特征的产品，构建相应的税收模型，从理论上分析了对外贸易对税收有正面的影响。实际测算显示，一般贸易出口每增加1元人民币，会相应带动当年税收增加0．4～0．5元人民币。通过对季度数据的Granger因果检验和向量误差修正模型分析，本文发现出口增加对税收有持续的正面影响。     

完善林业行政执法内容的研究

论述目前我国在林业行政执法过程中存在执法机构设置不合理,林业行政执法主体范围不清晰,执法监督机制和责任机制不健全,以及执法人员的职业素质有待提高等问题。提出了从我国的立法实践出发引入国外的立法经验,规范林业执法机构的设置;把执法监督责任机制落实到个人,对执法人员进行业务培训及思想教育等。从实质上做到以事实为依据,以法律为准绳,使《森林法》的贯彻落实得到切实有效的保障。     

燃油税实施效果评价及税制完善的建议

我国燃油税改革正式实施已满两年,其积极的效果和存在的弊端初步显现。本文在对我国燃油税改善的实施效果进行评价的基础上,借鉴典型国家燃油税税制的设立经验,提出完善我国燃油税税制的建议。     

论我国税式支出预算管理制度的构建

税式支出代表了一种预算政策,政府把税式支出所形成的税收损失列入预算并与直接支出一起统一加以管理。税式支出预算管理是对税式支出进行管理控制的有效手段,应该根据我国国情特色,逐步建立起我国的税式支出预算管理制度。